End-stage Renal Disease
نویسندگان
چکیده
Chronic renal failure is a devastating medical, social, and economic problem for patients and their families in India and Pakistan. Reliable data on the true incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India and Pakistan are lacking because no national registries exist. Among reported cases, chronic glomerulonephritis is the most common cause, accounting for more than one third of patients, while diabetic nephropathy accounts for<20% of all patients in India. Delayed diagnosis and failure to institute measures to slow the progression of renal failure have resulted in a predominantly young ESRD population, with a median age of 44 years. Because of financial constraints, less than one third of all patients referred to a tertiary care center receive any kind of renal replacement therapy. Most hemodialysis patients who stop treatment and die do so because of cost constraints within the first three months, and <5% of patients are started on ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Renal transplantation is the cheapest option, but ,10% of all patients with ESRD have a transplant. Cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolone continue to be the backbone of posttransplant immunosuppression, but cyclosporine is stopped in a significant proportion of patients at one year post-transplant to cut down costs. Living related donor transplants constitute 70% of all transplants; two thirds of the donors are females, while more than three fourths of all recipients are males. Spouses account for 20% of donors from within families. Almost 30% of transplanted kidneys are donated by living unrelated donors, while cadaver donors account for only 2%. More resources must be mobilized to care for these patients; early detection of renal disease must be facilitated, and measures to delay ESRD must be implemented. (Ethn Dis. 2006;16[suppl 2]:S2-20– S2-23)
منابع مشابه
Avoidance of Dialysis in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient Status-post Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Certain benefits are clearly associated with the use of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as compared with the on-pump CABG. The superiority is more evident in patients with multiple co morbidities including renal failure.We reviewed the medical records of a 67-year-old male with a past medical history that was significant for multiple cardiovascular diseases and new-onset end-sta...
متن کاملBardet-Biedl Syndrome with End Stage Renal Disease
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is one of the rare autosomal recessive disorders that affect multiple organs of the body. The signs and symptoms of this condition vary among affected individuals, even among members of the same family. We present a case of BBS with features of hypogonadism and features such as marked central obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and mental ...
متن کاملDentomaxillofacial Radiographic Changes in a Group of Iranian Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the dentomaxillofacial radiographic changes in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who were on hemodialysis. Methods: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurements, as well as Panoramic and periapical radiographs were obtained from seventy four patients with a history of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Re...
متن کاملمقایسه بررسی علل ایجاد کننده END STAGE RENAL DISEASE دربیماران دیالیزی استان گیلان
Background: The etiology of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in every community differ according to genetic, nutrition, and public health status. ESRD,the terminal stage of chronic renal failure,needs replacement therapy otherwise could lead to death. The aim of the study is to determine the relative frequency of ESRD etiology in hemodialysis patients of Gilan province. Methods:This descriptive s...
متن کاملPrevalence of cutaneous manifestations in end stage renal disease patients under hemodialysis in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran in 2003
Background and aim: New modalities in the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have increased their life expectancy and quality of life. A wide range of cutaneous manifestations are seen in ESRD patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis in the dialysis department of Imam Khomeini ...
متن کامل